Role of gender on agricultural intensification and its contribution to greenhouse gases emission with implication for policy

In the situation where 61% of farmers in Nepal lack food sufficiency (NARC, 2010) and the production of cereals has been growing only 2 % per annum, which is below the population growth rate (CIP, 2010), the food deficit is particularly severe in the hills and mountains as compared to Terai (a low-lying plain area and an ecological region of Nepal). Meantime, the average size of land holdings decreased from 0.96 ha in 1991/1992 to 0.79 ha in 2001/2002 mainly caused by the tradition of paternal property subdivision among male heirs, and gradually growing population (CBS, 2002; Thapa and Niroula, 2008). Such trend has seriously threatened the livelihood and food security of those who depend on agriculture (Thapa and Niroula, 2008). The situation is even worse in mid-hills since landholdings of farmers are small compared to Terai and the opportunities for them to have other sources of income from non-agricultural activities are also limited. Therefore, a majority of the Nepalese hill farmers have chosen crop intensification as an alternative approach for farming where they can have high levels of production on small plots of land

Recent Development: State v. Waine: A Court May Reopen a Closed Post Conviction Proceeding to Address a Challenge to an Advisory Only Jury Instruction

The Court of Appeals of Maryland held that advisory only jury instructions are not harmless error and the Unger v. State precedent should be applied retroactively. State v. Waine, 444 Md. 692, 122 A.3d 294 (2015). In addition, the court held that a defendant’s motion to reopen his or her post-conviction case after the Unger decision met the “interests of justice” standard required for reconsideration of the constitutionality of the defendant’s conviction

A study of maternal outcome in heart disease in pregnancy in a tertiary care centre

Background: Cardiovascular disease in women is associated with 4% complications during pregnancy and is the most frequent leading cause of maternal mortality reaching up to 15%. It stands third among the most common causes of maternal mortality after obstetric haemorrhage and preeclampsia respectively.The objective of this study is to study the maternal outcome of heart disease in pregnancy. Methods: An Observational study was conducted over a period of 8 months over 50 antenatal patients with heart disease from January 2020 to August 2020 in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, grant government medical college and JJ group of hospitals, Mumbai with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prevalence of congenital and acquired heart disease complicating pregnancy, complications, age wise and parity wise distribution were mainly studied.Results: The incidence of heart disease was 1.8% amongst the 2,750 total deliveries conducted. In this study 46 (92%) were registered and 4 (8%) were unregistered antenatal cases. 45 (90%) belonged to upper lower class and lower class as per Kupuswamy scale with poor nutrition and antenatal care. 34 (68%) of patients had rheumatic heart disease and 11 (22%) patients had congenital heart disease. Mitral stenosis was found to be the dominant valvular lesion in rheumatic heart disease in 12 (24%) cases. Over 25 (50%) of the patients had normal vaginal delivery and 9 (18%) had instrumental vaginal deliveries, 7 (14%) with vacuum and 2 (4%) with forceps. Congestive cardiac failure was found to be the major complication found in 4 (3.9%) cases. About 8 (16%) patients required intensive care unit admission. Maternal maternity is about 4% (2 patients) in the present study.Conclusions: Maternal mortality in heart disease patients can be brought down significantly by effective preconceptional counselling, and improvements in medical, surgical, antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care and effective motivation for contraception.

A Case Base Approach for Evaluation of Manufacturing Effectiveness of a Firm Using Analytical Hierarchical Process

High level of Manufacturing Capability (MC) (effectiveness) plays significant role in providing competitive advantage to a firm. However, it is difficult for the firm to evaluate the level of MC, which is given by the consistency of decisions taken in the particular manufacturing environment. For example, in job shop production general purpose facilities and high skilled workforce is essential to obtain the desired level of outputs to satisfy customer expectations. First, Hayes and Wheelwright provided a four stage model for evaluating the level of MC and recently Miltenburg gave a framework that classified these four stages as infant, average, adult and world class. Evaluating MC facilitates the firm to know the present status and also provides a pointer to identify weak decisions for further improvement. This paper presents a case study on evaluating the MC of a firm involved in the production of low volume and high variety products. Job Shop Production System has been used to fulfill these demands. Objective of this research is to find out the current status (level) of MC of a firm based on the consistency of the decisions taken. For this, hierarchical model based on the overall goal as a MC index has been developed by using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tool. The MC index of a firm under consideration is computed by evaluating the pattern of decisions taken in the manufacturing which are obtained after discussion with top executives of the company. The results obtained are then compared with ideally required decisions from the same category of manufacturing system (in this case job shop production system). Based on the comparison, status (level) of MC and weak decision areas of the firm have been identified and discussed with the executives

Result Oriented Based Face Recognition using Neural Network with Erosion and Dilation Technique

It has been observed that many face recognition algorithms fail to recognize faces after plastic surgery and wearing the spec/glasses which are the new challenge to automatic face recognition. Face detection is one of the challenging problems in the image processing. This seminar, introduce a face detection and recognition system to detect (finds) faces from database of known people. To detect the face before trying to recognize it saves a lot of work, as only a restricted region of the image is analyzed, opposite to many algorithms which work considering the whole image. In This , we gives study on Face Recognition After Plastic Surgery (FRAPS )and after wearing the spec/glasses with careful analysis of the effects on face appearance and its challenges to face recognition. To address FRAPS and wearing the spec/glasses problem, an ensemble of An Optimize Wait Selection By Genetic Algorithm For Training Artificial Neural Network Based On Image Erosion and Dilution Technology. Furthermore, with our impressive results, we suggest that face detection should be paid more attend to. To address this problem, we also used Edge detection method to detect i/p image properly or effectively. With this Edge Detection also used genetic algorithm to optimize weight using artificial neural network (ANN)and save that ANN file to database .And use that ANN file to compare face recognition in future DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16041

Microscopic Analysis of Carbon Nano tubes based Metal Matrix Composite

These days significant waste metal scrap is generated during the machining operations such as grinding, milling, shaping, forging etc. This waste/scrap is big challenge for the industry due to environmental litigation, such as in grinding industry the scarp contain organic and inorganic compounds. Thus, for reprocessing of this grinding waste will be difficult and it also crate environmental problems.  Current work focus to reuse and produce a value added product from the grinding waste. The Powder Injection Molding (PIM) approach used to create the value added product from the grinding waste. As the PIM product will be inferior in terms of mechanical properties, Carbon Nanotubes are added to improve the mechanical properties. To test the microscopic analysis of the PIM products are tested with SEM and it is observed that the PIM products are porous in nature. The hardness testing suggests that the PIM product will have higher harness number with less porosity

Reproductive potential in a case of Mosaic Turners syndrome with 46XY karyotype

This article describes a case of 18year-old-female who presented with primary amenorrhea, phenotypic features of Turners syndrome, which was confirmed later by Karyotype to have mosaic 45XO(8)/46XY(22). She had delayed puberty and proved (hormonally) to have ovarian failure, with absent Mullerian structures (radiologically and laparoscopy)

Study of Oxidative Stress in Relation with Antioxidant Status in Chronic Bronchitis

Lipid peroxide plays an important role in inflammatory lung diseases. Increased epithelial permeability produced by cigarette smoke is likely to be mediated though depletion of the Total Antioxidant Capacity .Oxidative stress has been recognized as a central feature of smoke induced chronic bronchitis. Imbalance between oxidants and Total Anioxidant Capacity is also an established fact in these patients. 60 patients with chronic bronchitis included in the study. Their base line clinical examination, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, alpha tochopherol and Total Antioxidant Capacity were measured. 100 healthy non-smokers\u27 were served as controls. The mean malondialdehyde levels and nitric oxide in the patients at base line were higher than Controls (p<0.001). Plasma alpha-tocopherol and total antioxidant capacity were lower (p<0.001) in the patients compared to controls. The present study shows that initially the plasma lipid peroxide (MDA) levels were high and antioxidants. (alpha- tocopherol, total antioxidant capacity) were low in patients with chronic bronchitis. Our results suggest the presence of oxidative stress and decrease in total antioxidant capacity in chronic bronchitis